Casting is a process in which molten metal is poured or injected and allowed to solidify in a suitably shaped mold cavity. During or after cooling, the cast part is removed from the mold and then processed for delivery.

Casting processes and cast-material technologies vary from simple to highly complex. Material and process selection depends on the part's complexity and function, the product's quality specifications, and the projected cost level.

Sand Casting (also known as sand-mold casting) provides flexibility in shaping the part so that the imposed load is distributed evenly throughout for minimum stress concentration. When well-designed castings are used, stress concentrations can be reduced as much as 50%, and in many cases significant increases in service life and strength can be achieved.